Understanding the Leonids: History, Science, and Observing Tips for 2025

Each year, in November, the night sky lights up with a fascinating celestial spectacle: the Leonids meteor shower. In 2025, this event promises particularly favorable observing conditions. Let us explore together the origin of this phenomenon, its rich history, and how best to enjoy it this year.

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The origin of the Leonids: Comet Tempel-Tuttle

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The Leonids take their name from the constellation Leo, from which the meteors appear to originate. However, their true source is the periodic comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle. Discovered independently by Wilhelm Tempel in 1865 and Horace Tuttle in 1866, this comet orbits the Sun every 33 years. As it passes, it leaves behind a trail of debris. When Earth passes through this cloud of particles, they enter our atmosphere at an astonishing speed of 71 km/s, igniting and creating the bright trails we observe as shooting stars.

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The Leonids in 2025: dates and observing conditions

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In 2025, the Leonids meteor shower will be active from November 6 to 30, with a peak expected on the night of November 16–17. Forecasts estimate a rate of about 10 to 15 meteors per hour under dark skies. This year, observing conditions will be particularly favorable thanks to a waning Moon, the new Moon taking place on November 20. Thus, the low lunar illumination will allow better visibility of the meteors.

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A historical look at Leonid meteor storms

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The Leonids are famous for their spectacular meteor storms. One of the most memorable occurred in 1833, when thousands of meteors illuminated the sky, evoking awe and sometimes fear among observers. In 1966, another impressive storm was observed, with rates estimated at several thousand meteors per hour. These exceptional events typically occur when the Tempel-Tuttle comet is near its perihelion, i.e., its closest approach to the Sun.

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Tips for observing the Leonids in 2025

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To maximize your Leonid observing experience this year, here are a few recommendations:

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  Choose a dark location : Move away from urban lights to reduce light pollution.

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  Prepare warm clothing : November nights can be chilly.

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  Be patient : Lie down comfortably, let your eyes adapt to the dark for at least 20 minutes, and observe the sky as a whole.

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  Best time : The hours after midnight until dawn are ideal, when the Leo constellation is high in the sky.

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By following these tips, you will increase your chances of fully enjoying the Leonids spectacle in 2025.

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Conclusion

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The Leonids of November 2025 offer an exceptional opportunity to observe a meteor shower under optimal conditions. By understanding their origin and preparing adequately, everyone can experience an unforgettable night under the starry sky. Whether you are an amateur astronomer or simply curious about the wonders of the universe, don\'t miss this celestial rendezvous.